CAR-T 细胞将抗原特异性整合到一种可循环、扩增并持久存在的 T 细胞谱系中，从而在血液系统恶性肿瘤中实现长期缓解。然而，在实体瘤中，其疗效仍受限于迁移和滞留能力不足、免疫抑制性微环境以及在肿瘤部位积聚不充分等问题。这些挑战促使研究人员采用互补的工程化免疫细胞谱系，例如髓系细胞（包括单核细胞、巨噬细胞、粒细胞等），它们的天然生物学特性更有利于进入组织并在局部发挥效应功能。

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