How Emmy Noether's theorem uses the Lagrangian to provide a formula for calculating the quantity of symmetries in a ...

Abstract: The uncertainty of travel times on a time-dependent network is conventionally considered as randomness or fuzziness. However, sometimes, randomness or fuzziness cannot describe the ...

Abstract: The selection of shortest path problem is one the classic problems in graph theory. In literature, many algorithms have been developed to provide a solution for shortest path problem in a ...

Physicists have long struggled to unite quantum mechanics—the theory governing tiny particles—with Einstein’s theory of gravity, which explains the behavior of stars, planets, and the structure of the ...

Rubik's cubes are great for fun, fast-paced problem solving, but they also have a rich mathematical structure involving ideas of symmetry and connectivity. A 3x3x3 Rubik’s cube has 43 quintillion ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. If you want to solve a tricky problem, it often helps to get organized. You might, for example, break the problem into pieces and tackle ...

Chinese computer scientists have solved a 40-year-old mathematics bottleneck, an advance that might help boost performance in hi-tech areas ranging from chip design and telecommunications to drone ...

If you want to solve a tricky problem, it often helps to get organized. You might, for example, break the problem into pieces and tackle the easiest pieces first. But this kind of sorting has a cost.

If you’ve been making the same commute for a long time, you’ve probably settled on what seems like the best route. But “best” is a slippery concept. Perhaps one day there’s an accident or road closure ...