Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an evolutionary algorithm (EA) with bilevel surrogate modeling, called BL-SAEA, for tackling bilevel optimization problems (BLOPs), in which an upper ...

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the crack defects generated on the surface of MEMS devices are difficult to detect under high overload impact, this paper proposes a crack detection method ...

In an era dominated by social media, misinformation has become an all too familiar foe, infiltrating our feeds and sowing seeds of doubt and confusion. With more than half of social media users across ...