Introduction Osteoarthritis is the second most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and mostly affects hip and knee joints. Movement behaviours have been associated with the incidence of osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms have received a surge of attentions for their promising ability of solving expensive optimization problems. Existing surrogate-assisted ...

Abstract: The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been shown to be powerful in searching for an optimal solution. This paper proposes an improvement to the whale optimization algorithm that is ...