Abstract: Class imbalance is a persistent challenge in machine learning, particularly in high-stakes applications such as medical diagnostics, bioinformatics, and fraud detection, where the minority ...

Computer algorithms are step-by-step instructions that help computers solve problems, process data, and deliver results. They power search engines, AI systems, online shopping, navigation apps, and ...

Abstract: Microwave Imaging is a key technique for reconstructing the electrical properties of inaccessible media, relying on algorithms to solve the associated Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering ...